Space is alive with blinks, flashes and explosive events – and sometimes we can detect them from Earth. One such example are powerful signals known as fast radio bursts (FRBs) which last around a millisecond but can travel for billions of years before we know of them. And this is the case of FRB 20240304B, which travelled 10 billion years to greet us. So, what was it? (Picture: Getty)
The burst was first detected on March 4, 2024, by South Africa’s MeerKAT radio telescope array. FRBs are brief, bright, and contain clues about the gas and magnetic fields between their source and Earth, passing on information about the matter it travelled through and providing us with a glimpse of the universe around us (Picture: Getty)
In a paper by Dr Manisha Caleb from the University of Sydney, the FRB 20240304B originated at a redshift of 2.148, which means the burst left when the universe was only about three billion years old. The way space expands is described as a redshift (Picture: Getty)
The team localised the burst using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and the researchers discovered the burst came from a time known as ‘cosmic noon’ where the universe was forming stars at its fastest rate – demonstrating that FBRs are powered by something active (Picture: Getty)
Dr Caleb wrote: ‘FRB 2024030 was detected with the MeerKAT radio telescope and localized to a low-mass, clumpy, star forming galaxy using the James Webb Space Telescope. This discovery doubles the redshift reach of localized FRBs and probes ionized baryons across ~80% of cosmic history. Its sightline, intersecting the Virgo Cluster and a foreground group, reveals magnetic field complexity over many gigaparsec scales’ (Picture: Getty)
The host galaxy is a low mass, clumpy, star-forming dwarf. The rate of new star formation is intense compared with typical dwarfs at the same mass. This strengthens the case that a massive star created a compact remnant that powered the burst (Picture: Getty)
As space technology advances, FRBs can point towards a future where fleeting signals like FRB 20240304B becomes messages from the universe’s past, helping us to understand how the universe evolved from its early, chaotic youth into the the cosmos we see today (Picture: Getty)
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