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Reading: From Program to Sketch: Modeling Non-Deterministic Observations in Code Generation | HackerNoon
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World of Software > Computing > From Program to Sketch: Modeling Non-Deterministic Observations in Code Generation | HackerNoon
Computing

From Program to Sketch: Modeling Non-Deterministic Observations in Code Generation | HackerNoon

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Last updated: 2025/09/27 at 1:23 AM
News Room Published 27 September 2025
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Table of Links

Abstract and 1. Introduction

  1. Background & Related Work

  2. Method

    3.1 Sampling Small Mutations

    3.2 Policy

    3.3 Value Network & Search

    3.4 Architecture

  3. Experiments

    4.1 Environments

    4.2 Baselines

    4.3 Ablations

  4. Conclusion, Acknowledgments and Disclosure of Funding, and References

Appendix

A. Mutation Algorithm

B. Context-Free Grammars

C. Sketch Simulation

D. Complexity Filtering

E. Tree Path Algorithm

F. Implementation Details

C Sketch Simulation

As mentioned in the main text, we implement the CSG2D-Sketch environment, which is the same as CSG2D with a hand-drawn sketch observation model. We do this to primarily show how this sort of a generative model can possibly be applied to a real-world task, and that observations do not need to

be deterministic. Our sketch algorithm can be found in our codebase, and is based off the approach described in Wood et al. [39].

Our compiler uses Iceberg [16] and Google’s 2D Skia library to perform boolean operations on primitive paths. The resulting path consists of line and cubic bézier commands. We post-process these commands to generate sketches. For each command, we first add Gaussian noise to all points stated in those commands. For each line, we randomly pick a point near the 50% and 75% of the line, add Gaussian noise, and fit a Catmull-Rom spline [5]. For all curves, we sample random points at uniform intervals and fit Catmull-Rom splines. We have a special condition for circles, where we ensure that the start and end points are randomized to create the effect of the pen lifting off. Additionally we randomize the stroke thickness.

Figure 10 shows the same program rendered multiple times using our randomized sketch simulator.

:::info
Authors:

(1) Shreyas Kapur, University of California, Berkeley ([email protected]);

(2) Erik Jenner, University of California, Berkeley ([email protected]);

(3) Stuart Russell, University of California, Berkeley ([email protected]).

:::


:::info
This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY-SA 4.0 DEED license.

:::

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