Prostate Cancer: Everything You Need to Know

Prostate cancer is one of those things most men don’t think about until it hits close to home. 

But it’s common, affecting millions—and early detection can save lives. The cancer itself can be sneaky, sometimes sitting quietly for years, causing no trouble. Other times, it spreads fast and becomes life-threatening.

However, knowing the signs, risks, and treatment options puts you in control. Let’s break down everything, from symptoms and risk factors to advanced treatments.

What Is Prostate Cancer?

Prostate cancer starts in the prostate gland. 

This small, walnut-shaped organ sits just below the bladder and produces seminal fluid, which helps sperm travel. While it’s small, the prostate plays a big role in men’s reproductive health.

When cancer strikes, it happens because prostate cells start growing out of control. Sometimes the cancer grows so slowly it’ll never be an issue. 

But aggressive forms spread to other parts of the body, like the bones or lymph nodes.

Here’s how common it is: About 1 in 8 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer. It mostly shows up in older men, but anyone can be at risk. 

Catching it early gives you better odds of beating it, which is why regular screenings matter so much.

Common Symptoms

In the early stages, prostate cancer doesn’t usually make itself known. That’s why regular checkups are important. When symptoms do show up, they often include:

• Urinary Problems: Struggling to pee, a weak stream, or going more often than usual—especially at night.
• Blood in Urine or Semen: This can feel alarming and is always worth checking out.
• Pelvic Discomfort: A dull ache or pressure in the lower abdomen or pelvis.
• Changes in Sexual Function: Trouble getting or keeping an erection or pain during ejaculation.
• Bone Pain: If the cancer spreads, it often hits the bones, causing deep aches in places like your hips, back, or ribs.

These symptoms don’t automatically mean cancer. Conditions like benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or prostatitis can cause similar issues. Either way, it’s best to see a doctor if something feels off.

What Puts You at Risk?

Prostate cancer is more likely to appear with the following:

• Getting older: The risk rises as you age. It’s rare under 40 but becomes more common after 50. Most cases are diagnosed in men over 65.
• Family history: If your father or brother had prostate cancer, your chances double. Inherited gene mutations like BRCA1 or BRCA2 also increase the odds.
• Race: African-American men face higher risks and often deal with more aggressive cases. Researchers think it’s a mix of genetics and environment.
• Diet: A high-fat diet—lots of red meat, fried foods, or full-fat dairy—might increase your risk. A diet heavy on fruits, veggies, and whole grains seems to help.
• Lifestyle: Smoking, being overweight, or not exercising enough can weaken your body’s ability to fight off disease.

While you can’t change your age or family history, you can control things like diet, exercise, and regular checkups. Small changes can make a big difference.

How It’s Diagnosed

Doctors use several methods to diagnose prostate cancer:

• PSA test: A blood test to measure prostate-specific antigen levels. High levels might suggest cancer.
• Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): The doctor checks for abnormalities in the prostate.
• Biopsy: If tests suggest cancer, a biopsy removes a small sample of prostate tissue for examination.
• Imaging Tests: MRIs or CT scans help show if the cancer has spread.

These tests help doctors figure out how far the cancer has spread and decide on the best treatment.

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on how far the cancer has spread and how aggressive it is:

• Active Surveillance: For slow-growing cancer, your doctor might just monitor it over time.
• Surgery: If the cancer is contained in the prostate, surgery to remove it is an option.
• Radiation: Used for early-stage cancer or after surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells.
• Hormone Therapy: Since prostate cancer feeds on testosterone, this treatment lowers or blocks the hormone.
• Chemotherapy: For advanced cancer that hasn’t responded to other treatments.
• Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy: These newer treatments focus on specific cancer markers or help your immune system fight the cancer.

Medications to Know

Here are some medications that can help treat advanced prostate cancer:

• Abiraterone: Abiraterone blocks testosterone production and is used with prednisone to ease swelling and high blood pressure. Abiraterone price is global concern.
• Enzalutamide: It blocks testosterone from attaching to cancer cells, which helps slow cancer growth. 
• Apalutamide: Similar to Enzalutamide, but used earlier in the disease for non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
• Darolutamide: A newer drug with fewer side effects, it also blocks the cancer from using testosterone.
• Radium-223: This targets prostate cancer that has spread to the bones, helping to ease pain in those areas.
• Docetaxel and Cabazitaxel: These chemotherapy drugs are used when other treatments aren’t working.