Woolly Mammoths A Step Closer To ‘de-extinction’ After 39,000yo Carcass Is Found

WOOLLY mammoths are a step closer to coming back from the dead after RNA from a 39,000-year-old carcass was found.

The Ice Age discovery was found in one of ten trapped woolly mammoths sampled from Siberian permafrost.

Swedish scientists extracted the RNA from the mammoth, which has been considered a key genetic breakthrough towards their “de-extinction“.

This RNA is the oldest RNA ever found, twice as old as the previous record which came from a 14,300-year-old wolf skin.

RNA is what produces proteins in the body, and is just as essential to life as DNA, though harder to preserve and gather from animals that have been long-dead.

Attempts to revive the Ice Age giant have predominantly focused on perfecting DNA samples from frozen specimens.

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However, it is only a part of what is required to effectively bring mammoths back from extinction.

With detailed information provided by a mammoth’s RNA, it will make it easier to understand the genes the creatures expressed in a more nuanced way than provided simply by DNA.

Ten woolly mammoth specimens were gathered by researchers from Stockholm University with the hopes of finding their RNA from the Siberian permafrost.

One, named Yuka, was discovered to have such high quality RNA they were able to better understand the animal’s specific biological functions.

This has been the primary hope of the study, enabling scientists to gain information on where the genes are in the genome and how they are expressed, regulated and functioning, their differing mutations compared to current day animals that are related, and their skeletal muscle metabolism.

Lead author of the study Dr Emilio Mármol Sánchez, told The Telegraph: “This is something that DNA alone cannot tell, and for which RNA is needed, at least if we can manage to obtain data of enough good quality.”

The breakthrough has been published in the scientific journal Cell, which could also provide valuable information on other historical periods, medieval research and modern but degraded DNA.

Co-author of the study, Professor Love Dalén, added: “Indirectly, the study has relevance in the sense that recovering RNA could in future studies give useful insights on which genes are important for the development of certain traits.”

Dalén, who is a professor of evolutionary genomics, recognises how the RNA while not directly relevant to the process of de-extinction still lays the groundwork for future study.

“As an example, there are many dozens of genes in the mammalian genome that have been associated with hair and skin, but we currently don’t know exactly which of these were important in mammoths,” he added.

More “reliable evidence” has been found in the makeup of woolly mammoth muscle, with more than 300 protein-coding mRNAs along with 60 different microRNAs.

They have provided scientists with information on how the creature’s muscles were organised and worked functionally.

Data has revealed their muscles functioned similarly to how current species like elephants do.

Through Yuka, this included that he had mostly slow-twitch muscle designed for endurance rather than explosive movement.

Researchers added that by seeing Yuka’s RNA, not only did they determine him to definitely be male, they also “might have glimpsed the final pulses” of its body before it died.

Discovery of the RNA comes more than a year after scientists managed to sequence a woolly mammoth’s genome and chromosomal structures for the first time.

The research was made possible by a perfect storm of conditions that preserved the mammoth’s DNA in a glass-like state.